[POJ 1275] Cashier Employment【差分约束系统+二分答案】
Problem:
Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 10000K |
Description
A supermarket in Tehran is open 24 hours a day every day and needs a number of cashiers to fit its need. The supermarket manager has hired you to help him, solve his problem. The problem is that the supermarket needs different number of cashiers at different times of each day (for example, a few cashiers after midnight, and many in the afternoon) to provide good service to its customers, and he wants to hire the least number of cashiers for this job.
The manager has provided you with the least number of cashiers needed for every one-hour slot of the day. This data is given as R(0), R(1), ..., R(23): R(0) represents the least number of cashiers needed from midnight to 1:00 A.M., R(1) shows this number for duration of 1:00 A.M. to 2:00 A.M., and so on. Note that these numbers are the same every day. There are N qualified applicants for this job. Each applicant i works non-stop once each 24 hours in a shift of exactly 8 hours starting from a specified hour, say ti (0 <= ti <= 23), exactly from the start of the hour mentioned. That is, if the ith applicant is hired, he/she will work starting from ti o'clock sharp for 8 hours. Cashiers do not replace one another and work exactly as scheduled, and there are enough cash registers and counters for those who are hired.
You are to write a program to read the R(i) 's for i=0..23 and ti 's for i=1..N that are all, non-negative integer numbers and compute the least number of cashiers needed to be employed to meet the mentioned constraints. Note that there can be more cashiers than the least number needed for a specific slot.
Input
Output
If there is no solution for the test case, you should write No Solution for that case.
Sample Input
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 23 22 1 10
Sample Output
1
Source
Solution:
本题是一道较难的差分约束题,不易找出所有的约束条件。
与题目中不同,为了防止下标越界,我们将下标整体增加 1。
令 R[i] 为时间 i (1 ≤ i ≤ 24) 需要的人数,A[i] 为时间 i (1 ≤ i ≤ 24) 开始工作的申请人数,S[i] 为所求的人数前缀和,则
由于工作时间为 8 小时,一个时间点需要的人数限定了其之前 8 个小时范围内的总人数,即
- S[i] - S[i - 8] ≥ R[i] (8 ≤ i ≤ 24) …… i)
- S[i] - S[i + 16] ≥ R[i] - S[24] (1 ≤ i ≤ 8) …… ii)
而申请人数的限定使得每个时间点所能录用的人数有所限制,即
- 0 ≤ S[i] - S[i - 1] ≤ A[i] (1 ≤ i ≤ 24),可化为
- S[i] - S[i - 1] ≥ 0 (1 ≤ i ≤ 24) …… iii)
- S[i - 1] - S[i] ≥ -A[i] (1 ≤ i ≤ 24) ……iv)
至此差分约束条件列举完毕。但我们发现 ii) 右边存在未知数 S[24],而 S[24] 的最小值正是我们要求的答案 ans。
所以我们可以二分枚举 ans,则 ans 必须满足 ii) 的变形
- S[i] - S[i + 16] ≥ R[i] - ans (1 ≤ i ≤ 8) …… v)
而此时我们又要保证 ans 是 S[24] 的最小值,所以
- S[24] ≥ ans …… vi)
联立 i) iii) iv) v) vi) 建图跑最长路,判断是否有负环 正环感谢ZqlwMatt大佬提醒(负环 正环说明当前二分的 ans 无解),最小的有解 ans 即为答案。
由于涉及到有些边的边权会改变,需要删边操作,注意第一次没有加边时千万不能删边!
还有一定要注意不能犯低级错误,比如入队之后没有设置入队标记等。。
Code: O(kElogN), E为总边数(=73) [136K, 0MS]
#include<cstdio> #include<cstdlib> #include<cstring> #include<cmath> #include<cassert> #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; int T, N; int R[30], A[30]; // R[] is the number of required cashiers at each hour // A[] is the number of applicants at each hour struct Edge{ int np, val; Edge *nxt; }; struct Graph{ Edge *V[30], E[150]; int static_tope, tope; inline void clear() {tope = 0, memset(V, 0, sizeof(V));} inline void addedge(int u, int v, int w){ E[++tope].np = v, E[tope].val = w; E[tope].nxt = V[u], V[u] = &E[tope]; } } G; struct qnode{ int id, step; qnode() {} qnode(int id, int step): id(id), step(step) {} }; struct queue{ #define inc(x) (x) = ((x) == 29 ? 1 : (x) + 1) qnode node[30]; int fr, re; inline void clear() {fr = re = 0;} inline bool empty() {return fr == re;} inline void push(const qnode &x) {node[re] = x, inc(re);} inline void pop() {inc(fr);} inline qnode front() {return node[fr];} } q; int dis[30]; bool inq[30]; inline bool SPFA(int key){ memset(dis, 0xc0, sizeof(dis)); memset(inq, 0, sizeof(inq)), q.clear(); q.push(qnode(0, 1)), inq[0] = 1, dis[0] = 0; while(!q.empty()){ qnode u = q.front(); q.pop(), inq[u.id] = 0; for(register Edge *ne = G.V[u.id]; ne; ne = ne->nxt) if(dis[u.id] + ne->val > dis[ne->np]){ dis[ne->np] = dis[u.id] + ne->val; if(u.step == 25) return 0; if(!inq[ne->np]) q.push(qnode(ne->np, u.step + 1)), inq[ne->np] = 1; // Beware of those debased mistakes such as forgetting to set in-queue flags } } return 1; } inline void backupStatic() {G.static_tope = G.tope;} inline void delExtra(){ if(G.tope == G.static_tope) return; // Do not delete at the first time when the extra edges are not even added G.tope = G.static_tope; G.V[0] = G.V[0]->nxt; for(register int i = 1; i <= 8; i++) G.V[i + 16] = G.V[i + 16]->nxt; } inline bool check(int key){ delExtra(); G.addedge(0, 24, key); // key == S[24] ==> S[24] >= key && key >= S[24] for(register int i = 1; i <= 8; i++) G.addedge(i + 16, i, R[i] - key); // S[i] + S[24] - S[i + 16] >= R[i] ==> S[i] >= S[i + 16] + R[i] - S[24] >= S[i + 16] + R[i] - key return SPFA(key); } int main(){ scanf("%d", &T); while(T--){ for(register int i = 1; i <= 24; i++) scanf("%d", R + i); scanf("%d", &N); memset(A, 0, sizeof(A)); for(register int i = 1; i <= N; i++){ int ti; scanf("%d", &ti); A[ti + 1]++; // Beware of the subsription shift } G.clear(); for(register int i = 1; i <= 24; i++) G.addedge(i - 1, i, 0), G.addedge(i, i - 1, -A[i]); // 0 <= S[i] - S[i - 1] <= A[i] ==> S[i] >= S[i - 1] && S[i - 1] >= S[i] - A[i] for(register int i = 8; i <= 24; i++) G.addedge(i - 8, i, R[i]); // S[i] - S[i - 8] >= R[i] ==> S[i] >= S[i - 8] + R[i] backupStatic(); // Backup the static part of the edges int lft = 0, rt = N + 1; while(lft < rt){ // Run binary search to find the minimum number of total cashiers int mid = lft + rt >> 1; if(check(mid)) rt = mid; else lft = mid + 1; } if(lft > N) puts("No Solution"); else printf("%d\n", lft); } return 0; }
ZqlwMatt
%%%
ZqlwMatt
跑最长路的时候应该判正环
willem
谢谢bjz大佬回复!!!
锅已修复。。
另:%%%%%bjz